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RADIOLOGY WEBSITES : COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
Few Useful Websites on Computed Tomography
1. CTisUS at http://www.ctisus.org/ is a trend setting website created by Dr Elliot K. Fishman, from the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions in Baltimore. It is a portal dedicated entirely to the many facets of Computed Tomography and comes forward as an excellent teaching aid. The highlight of the site undoubtedly, is the compendium of CT teaching files that currently holds 100 double sets of CT images each in nearly 40 modules based on regional categories. There are a variety of protocols on multidetector CT, spiral CT as well as 3D Vascular atlas with volume rendering displaying scanning protocols, 3D Musculoskeletal Pathology atlas, anatomic drawings, full-text literature references and a journal club.
2. Textbook on Physical Principles of CT Imaging at http://www.slaney.org/pct/ is a physics exposition on the Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging. Authored by A C. Kak and M Slaney, this free electronic version is also available as a Adobe PDF File. The sections covered include signal-processing fundamentals, algorithms for reconstruction, the Fourier slice theorem, Three-dimensional reconstructions, and measurement of projection data, aliasing artifacts and noise in CT Images
3. ImPACT at http://www.impactscan.org/index.htm represents Imaging Performance Assessment of CT scanners. ImPACT is the UK's national CT evaluation centre providing CT services to the UK's NHS. Funded by Medical devices agency the centre has members involved in work on the first EMI CT scanner at Atkinson Morley's Hospital in the late 1970s. Besides technical evaluation of new multi-slice CT scanner models, consultancy services, detailed imaging, dose and user data, the site gives an idea of evaluation of the overall CT system function. Other highlights of the site includes material on CT Dosimetry spreadsheet, Updates on CT Fluoroscopy & Real Time CT Technology, CT Scanner matching and Multi-slice CT Technology and slides presentation on Multislice CT scan.
4. C.I.D. (Centre d'Imagerie Diagnostique) Diagnostic Imaging Center, Lausanne, Switzerland at http://www.cid.ch/Default.html has a stylish imaging atlas of the body. The Online Atlas of Human Anatomy is named DAVID, and has both CT and MRI images to illustrate (with labels) various sections such as brain, skull, petrous pyramid and inner ear, neck, thorax, spine, abdomen and shoulder. This is an excellent teaching aid for the professionals and can be used as a reference tool as well. Also available are GALLERY: a database of interesting cases and MINERVA : an online tool for medical diagnosis using differential diagnosis lists
5. CT Protocols for Intravenous Contrast Injection at http://www.halls.md/ct.htm is a site containing CT scanning protocols developed by S B. Halls, for enhanced spiral scanning at the Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The protocol for injecting contrast agents for CT (called the "Cross Method", after the institute) has a chart containing variables such as the region of scan, age, weight, amount and rates as part of the input. Put simply, the table's main function is to tell "How fast" and "How much" contrast agent should be injected during the scan to the Radiologist performing CT scans.
6. A Spiral CT Protocols at http://www.realtime.net/~bear/ct_protocol/general.htm is a ready reckoner of Spiral CT Protocols. The protocols are conveniently classified into regions. To illustrate, the General Head/Brain section contains protocols on Head, Sella, Internal auditory canal, Temporal Bone and also includes Pediatric Head, Circle of Willis, TMJ, Orbit and Sinus.
7. Virtual Endoscopy: Development and Evaluation using the Visible Human Datasets at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/vhp_conf/robb/robb_pap.htm is a complete presentation on Virtual endoscopy by R.A.Robb, from the Mayo Foundation Clinic, Rochester. The fascinating area of using computer processing of 3-D image datasets from CT or MRI scans to provide simulated visualizations of specific organs is exhaustively dealt and well illustrated with many figures and videos appended to it. Incidentally, this original work was presented at the Visible Human Project Conference, at National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
8. Multislice CT Scan at http://www.multislice-ct.com is a website dedicated to multidetector-row helical CT. This sponsored site from Schering has sections on Clinical applications, Updates and research. The site is designed to give detailed information about this promising new diagnostic tool, the multidetector-row or multislice helical / spiral-CT. At the moment the site is still in its stage of infancy, and will need expansion paralleling the the clinical progress achieved by this developing CT-modality.
9. European guidelines : CT Quality Criteria at http://www.drs.dk/guidelines/ct/quality/index.htm is a review of quality issues in CT. The important areas covered include good imaging quality implementation, parameters for ideal CT scan of regions, and optimal techniques for HRCT with exhaustive references.
10. Nycomed Spiral CT Site has an interesting feature titled Guidelines in Spiral CT enhancement at http://www.na-imaging.com/nonmedical/education/content/spincor2.shtml This guide designed for techninicians and future users of the Spiral CT, has four sections covering Spiral CT of the Head, Neck, Chest and the Abdomen.
Endpiece
NetMedicine CT Library at http://www.netmedicine.com/xray/ctscan/ct.htm is a basic CT scan image database containing by and large cases encountered in emergency medicine. A variety of region wise categories are maintained with commonly encountered disorders. The sections has an assortment of cases within topics such as Head Trauma, Infarcts, Mass Lesions, Aortic Dissection, Pneumothoraces, Abdomen Trauma, Liver Laceration, Splenic Laceration, Acute Appendicitis etc. Similarly, Trauma Radiology at http://www.trauma.org/radiology/ is essentially an Image bank covering CT images of a diverse group of disorders affecting various systems.
Publications on CT dose at http://www.gemedicalsystems.com/rad/ct/ctdose.html makes interesting reading. CT Instrumentation at http://www.t2star.com/ct_phy/ct_phy_1/ct_phy_1.html deals with essential physics of a computed tomographic scanner with self-assessment questions at the end of the module to test one's knowledge. Multislice Helical CT at http://www.indyrad.iupui.edu/public/lectures/multislice/index.htm is a slide presentation produced from Department of Radiology at Indiana University School of Medicine, dealing with Physics, Image Reconstruction Principles, Scanning Techniques and Clinical Applications of Multislice CT scan. Spiral CT Protocol Optimization & Quality Assurance is the central theme of the slide presentation available from the Department of Radiology at University of Iowa at http://dolphin.radiology.uiowa.edu/ge/Slides/CTPhys3/index.htm.
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